| Preface
ASHI is a member of the National First
Aid Science Advisory |ard cc-founded by the American Red Cress
and American * Inc and a contributor to the 2005 Consensus
Heart Association Inc of First Aid Science and Recommendations.
This program contains evidence-based
first aid recommendations. “Evidence-based” recommendations
means recommendations collectively agreed upon by members
of the National First Aid Science Advisory Board (NFASAB)
to be safe, practical and effective after a thorough evaluation
of the medical science and recommendations based on medical
literature. First aid recommendations that reflect NFASAB
consensus on peer-reviewed scientific studies are indicated
with the letters “COS'' for “Consensus on Science.''
Other evidence-based recommendations and source authorities
are referenced by endnote.
Basic First Aid for the Community and
Workplace is based upon the following standards, guidelines,
regulations, protocols and recommendations:
ASTM International Standard F 2 171-02
“standard
Guideline Defining the Performance of First Aid
Providers in Occupational Settings'' April 2002.
Caring for Our Children. National Health
and Safety
Performance Standards. Guidelines for Out-of-Home
Child Care Programs.
2nd ED. Copyright 2002 byAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, American
Public Hea1th Association, National Resource Center for Hea1th
and Safety in Child Care Available:
http://nrc.uchsc.edu/CFOC/XMLVersion/NewTOCwoSubs.xml
(22-Jul-05).
Department of Human Resources and Skills
Development (HRSD), Canada Occupational Hea1th and
Safety Regulations Part 16 - First Aid Available:
http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/lp/lo/fll/part2/cohsregs/part16.shtml
(22-Jul-05)
EMSC Partnership for Children/National
Association of
EMS Physicians Model Pediatric Protocols. 2003
Revision Pediatrics Committee, National Association of
EMS Physicians. Pre-hospital Emergency Care Oct/Dec
2004 Vol. 8, No 4. pgs 343-365.
First Aid. National First Aid Science Advisory Board.
2005 First Aid Science Advisory Board Evidence Evaluation
Conference 2005 American Heart Association and the American
National Red Cross.
Circulation. 2005; 112: 111-1 15-111-125.
First Aid. Headquarters, Departments
of The Army, The
Navy, and The Air Force and Commandant, Marine
Corps, Washington, DC, 15 July 2004.
Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and
Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2005,.
112: IV-1-IV-211 2005 American Heart Association Inc.
First Aid, First On the Scene. The
Complete Guide to
First Aid and CPR. 3rd Ed. St John Ambulance 2001
Priory of Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the
Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. http://www.sja.ca.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
United States
Coast Guard. http'.//www.uscg.mil/uscG.shtm.
U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety
and Health
Administration http://www.msha.gov.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational
Safety &
Hea1th Administration http://www.osha.gov.
U.S. National Guidelines for First
Aid Training in
Occupational Settings 2001 (online). Available: www.NGFATOS.net
(3-Mar-05).
This material has been reviewed and
approved by
ASHI'S President's Committee. The President's
Committee is responsible for assuring that educational programs
that carry the ASHI name or logo meet ASHI'S principle objectives.
President's Committee Members at time of publication; Barbara
Aehlert RN, Steve Donelan,
Brad Dykens EMT-P, Sue Leahy EMT, John Mateus
EMT, Marcy Thobaben LPN/NREMT-B, Stephen
Thomas EMT-P, Howard A. Werman, MD.
ASHI offers training and certification
programs in emergency care and occupational safety and health
for corporate America, government agencies, and emergency
responders. To len| more about ASHI, visit www.ashinstitute.org.
ASHI has used reasonable effort to
provide up-to-date, accurate information that conforms to
generally accepted recommendations at the time of publication.
Science and technology are constantly
creating new knowledge and practice. Like any printed material,
this publication may become out of date over time. Guidelines
for safety recommendations for treatment cannot be given that
will apply in all cases as t|e circumstances of each incident
often vary widely. These recommendations supersede recommendations
made in previous ASHI programs.
Alert Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
or activate your emergency action plan immediately if you
aren’t sure an emergency exists or when any victim is
unresponsive, badly hurt, looks/acts very ill or quickly gets
worse.
Signs and symptoms may be incomplete
and can vary from person to person. Do not use the information
in this program as a substitute for professional evaluation
and diagnosis from an appropriately qualified and licensed
physician or other health care provider. Local or organizational
physician- directed practice protocols may supersede recommendations
in this program.
Municipal, state, provincial, national
or federal regulations are governmental orders having the
force of law.
In the United States, Canada and most
other industrialized countries workplace safety regulations
and occupational licensing requirements prescribe scope of
practice, rules, standards and conditions that every training
agency, program, Instructor and licensed person must comply
with.
ASHI Training Centers and their authorized Instructors must
be completely familiar with the regulations and licensing
requirements of persons to whom they offer training and certification.
Training Centers and authorized Instructors must not advertise,
represent or otherwise promote that their programs will meet
specific regulations or licensing requirements unless and
until such is confirmed with the licensing authority and/or
ASHI.
Infection Control Terminology:
The Occupational Safety
and Hea1th Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
(1910.1030) uses the term ||universal precautions'' as an
approach to infection control. The U.S. Department of Hea1th
& Human Services (HHS) Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
guidelines combine the term “universal precautions''
and “Body substance isolation'' into a single set of
precautions termed “standard Precautions'' for the care
of patients in hospitals. Isolation practices and terminology
continue to evolve. For compliance with OSHA Standards, the
use of either Universal Precautions or Standard 2 Precautions
is acceptable.
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